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William de Percy
William I de Percy (d.1096/9), 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe in North Yorkshire,〔Sanders, I.J., English Baronies, Oxford, 1960, p.148〕 known as ''Aux Gernons'' ("with whiskers", later forming the first name Algernon, frequently used by the Percy family), was a Norman nobleman who arrived in England immediately after the Norman Conquest of 1066. He was the founder (via an early 13th century female line) of the powerful English House of Percy, Earls of Northumberland, and (via an 18th century female line) Dukes of Northumberland, a great historical House of England "that, like Caesar's, has been artificially preserved (twice) to the present time".〔Duchess of Cleveland, ''The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages'', 3 volumes, London, 1889, Vol.2, ''Pery'', quoting "Freeman"()〕 The male line ended in 1174/5 on the death without male progeny of his grandson William II de Percy, but the surname "Percy" was re-adopted by the latter's younger grandson Richard de Louvain (d.1244), whose own "Percy" descendants again failed in the male line in 1670 on the death of Joceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland, and was again re-adopted by the latter's great-grand-daughter's husband Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet(c.1714-1786), created Duke of Northumberland, whose descendants survive today.
==Origins==
The Cartulary of Whitby Abbey〔''Cartularium abbathiae de Whitteby''〕 states that Hugh d'Avranches (later 1st Earl of Chester) and William de Percy arrived in England in 1067,〔Fonblanque,Vol I, p.11 footnotes〕 one year after the Norman Conquest.
It is possible that Percy had been one of the Normans to whom King Edward the Confessor had given lands, but who were later expelled by King Harold (d.1066). This may explain Percy's unusual Norman epithet, ''Aux Gernons'' ("Bewhiskered"), as the Normans were generally clean-shaven, unlike the English, and possibly Percy had assimilated the local custom.〔Fonblanque, Vol I, p12〕 Later generations of Percys would use the soubriquet in the form of the first name "Algernon".
The name, "grotesquely construed in England," says Sir Francis Palgrave, "as signifying Pierce-eye," was taken from ''Percy'', a fief near Villedieu in the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy.〔Duchess of Cleveland〕 This suggests either of today's villages of Villedieu-lès-Bailleul, in the Orne ''département'' or Villedieu-les-Poêles, in the Manche ''département''. The herald Robert Glover (1544–1588) derived the family from Mainfred de Percy, a Danish chief, who is said to have lived before the time of Rollo (c.846-c.932), Duke of Normandy, and whose descendants, named alternately Geoffrey and William de Percy, continued in succession lord of the manor of ''Percy''.〔 However the Norman manor of ''Percy'' was part of the demesne of the Dukes of Normandy, and can not therefore have been held by any tenant who called himself "de Percy".〔 Consequently it is difficult to believe that the name of ''de Percy'' could have existed, and indeed such name is not mentioned in any surviving record until shortly before the Norman Conquest of 1066, and it had probably been assumed not long previously, because in 1026 the manor of ''Percy'' was still part of the demesne of the Duke, who granted it together with other estates and castles, by a charter of that date, to his spouse in dowry.〔Duchess of Cleveland, quoting "The Norman People"〕 William and Serlo de Percy came over in the time of William the Conqueror, but neither of them are mentioned at the Battle of Hastings.〔 A passage in the cartulary of Whitby Abbey quoted by Dugdale, suggests that William de Percy accompanied his sworn brother-in-arms, Hugh Lupus, to England in the following year of 1067.
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